Electrospun piezoelectric nanofibers: Materials, structural regulation, performance enhancement, and emerging applications

Tongda Lei

Ning Wang

Hongxia Wang

Tong Lin

*Correspondence to: Tong Lin, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China. E-mail: tong.lin@tiangong.edu.cn

Smart Mater Devices. 2027;3:202668. 10.70401/smd.2026.0067

Received: September 05, 2026Accepted: November 11, 2026Published: November 11, 2026

This article belongs to the Special lssue Intelligent and Adaptive Textile Systems: From Smart Fibers to Integrated Wearable Functions

This manuscript is made available in its unedited form to allow early access to the reported findings. Further editing will be completed before final publication. As such, the content may include errors, and standard legal disclaimers are applicable.

Abstract

Electrospun piezoelectric nanofibers offer flexibility and structural tunability for sensing and energy harvesting. This review links molecular, fiber, and network structures to the mechanisms governing device-level mechanoelectrical performance. It examines how crystalline phase and molecular conformation, fiber geometry and alignment, and interfacial coupling regulate polarization, stress transfer, and charge transport. Device architecture, charge collection, measurement conditions, and performance metrics are assessed to clarify the relationship between material properties and reported outputs and support meaningful comparison across studies. Applications in energy harvesting, wearable health monitoring, and human-machine interfaces illustrate progress from individual sensing elements toward intelligent systems. Challenges in scalable fabrication, standardized evaluation, long-term reliability, and system integration are discussed. The resulting analysis guides material selection, fiber-network design, and device evaluation for specific applications.

Keywords

Electrospinning, piezoelectric nanofibers, flexible sensing, energy harvesting, wearable electronics, self-powered systems

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Lei T, Wang N, Wang H, Lin T. Electrospun piezoelectric nanofibers: Materials, structural regulation, performance enhancement, and emerging applications. Smart Mater Devices. 2027;3:202668. https://doi.org/10.70401/smd.2026.0067