Light Manipulation and Applications (LMA) is a highly selective, peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to publishing top-quality, impactful research in all areas of optics and photonics. The journal covers fundamental, applied, scientific, and engineering advancements related to the manipulation and application of light. LMA ensures rigorous yet accessible contributions, supported by a fast and professional peer-review process aimed at the rapid dissemination of transformative discoveries.
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Light Manipulation and Applications (LMA) is a highly selective, peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to publishing top-quality, impactful research in all areas of optics and photonics. The journal covers fundamental, applied, scientific, and engineering advancements related to the manipulation and application of light. LMA ensures rigorous yet accessible contributions, supported by a fast and professional peer-review process aimed at the rapid dissemination of transformative discoveries.
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Phase-shifting profilometry (PSP), as a high-precision and low-cost three-dimensional (3D) profile measurement technique, has been extensively applied in diverse fields. By introducing the compressive sensing paradigm, compressive phase-shifting ...
Phase-shifting profilometry (PSP), as a high-precision and low-cost three-dimensional (3D) profile measurement technique, has been extensively applied in diverse fields. By introducing the compressive sensing paradigm, compressive phase-shifting fringe projection profilometry (CPSFPP) provides an effective solution for high-speed dynamic object acquisition. Nevertheless, achieving high-fidelity dynamic profile reconstruction from compressed measurements remains a considerable challenge, owing to the inherent information loss in compressive sampling and limitations in computational reconstruction, especially under high compression ratios. To address this issue, we propose a physics-informed neural network (PINN)-based computational imaging framework for high-fidelity CPSFPP, named PINN-CPSFPP. This method integrates the physical model constraints with neural network learning to guarantee high-fidelity reconstruction even at high compression ratios. We perform numerical simulations to verify the reconstruction accuracy of PINN-CPSFPP under different compression ratios and experimentally validate the method by measuring translational, rotational, and deformed objects. The results demonstrate that the measurement speed is increased by nine times compared with conventional PSP. Benefiting from its robust 3D imaging performance, PINN-CPSFPP serves as a high-fidelity metrological tool for high-speed 3D scenarios and exhibits promising application prospects in a wide range of basic and applied disciplines.
Metasurfaces composed of subwavelength-scale artificial meta-atoms have emerged as a powerful platform for manipulating light. By enabling strong light-matter interactions within ultrathin planar geometries, metasurfaces have opened new avenues for ...
Metasurfaces composed of subwavelength-scale artificial meta-atoms have emerged as a powerful platform for manipulating light. By enabling strong light-matter interactions within ultrathin planar geometries, metasurfaces have opened new avenues for highly integrated photonic devices. Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is considered one of the most promising multifunctional integrated photonic platforms due to its outstanding properties, such as a large second-order nonlinear susceptibility, a broad transparency window, and a strong electro-optic (EO) effect. In recent years, integrated photonic devices based on lithium-niobate-on-insulator platforms have experienced rapid development. This review summarizes recent advances in LiNbO3 metasurfaces, providing a comprehensive overview of their demonstrated applications in nonlinear frequency conversion, wavefront and phase modulation, and dynamic EO modulation. By systematically introducing the interplay between the intrinsic material properties of LiNbO3 and the structural design principles of metasurfaces, this review offers a coherent framework for understanding their nonlinear and active optical functionalities, and serves as a valuable reference for the design and implementation of nonlinear and actively tunable micro- and nano-photonic devices.
Terahertz (THz) fields offer a powerful approach for controlling nonlinear optical processes and manipulating surface/interface responses on ultrafast timescales. Here, we demonstrate that THz-driven nonlinear polarizations generated at spatially ...
Terahertz (THz) fields offer a powerful approach for controlling nonlinear optical processes and manipulating surface/interface responses on ultrafast timescales. Here, we demonstrate that THz-driven nonlinear polarizations generated at spatially separated interfaces can be harnessed to create controllable interference in a finite-thickness polar crystal. Using single-cycle THz pulses to pump a ZnO crystal and an infrared beam to probe the response, we observe pronounced second-harmonic generation (SHG) interference fringes that originate from the coherent superposition of signals from the front and rear surfaces. Without THz excitation, the spectral interference fringes arise from the phase accumulation due to refractive-index dispersion between fundamental and second-harmonic waves propagating through ZnO. Upon THz excitation, THz-field-induced second-harmonic generation (TFISH) actively reshapes the interference pattern, introduces additional delay-dependent modulation, and tilts the interference fringes in the energy-delay map, demonstrating direct control over the interference via the THz field. Crucially, we show that the THz field governs the fringe contrast and temporal gating, while the optical dispersion fixes the energy-domain fringe spacing, enabling a clear separation of their respective roles. This THz-driven surface-to-surface SHG interference serves as a sensitive probe of interface nonlinearity and dispersion, providing a compact interferometric platform for refractive-index sensing and ultrafast optical modulation in polar materials, opening new avenues for THz–optical hybrid devices with performance metrics rivaling those of conventional approaches.
Sculpted light, or optical fields with specifically engineered spatial, modal, and vectorial degrees of freedom, has developed as a powerful paradigm for optical sensing, allowing for improved and multidimensional light-matter interactions that extend ...
Sculpted light, or optical fields with specifically engineered spatial, modal, and vectorial degrees of freedom, has developed as a powerful paradigm for optical sensing, allowing for improved and multidimensional light-matter interactions that extend beyond typical Gaussian illumination. By exploiting degrees of freedom such as orbital and spin angular momentum, spatial mode, polarization, and topology, sculpted light fields provide additional channels through which physical parameters can be mapped onto measurable optical transformations. Rather than merely enhancing sensitivity, sculpted light expands the dimensionality of optical sensing. Recent studies show how tailored optical fields provide additional sensing channels for encoding physical information, enabling precise measurement of parameters such as strain, temperature, position, velocity, refractive index, and structural asymmetry. This article provides a unified viewpoint on the generation and sensing applications of sculpted light, including both fiber-based techniques that take advantage of specialty fibers supporting higher-order modes and free-space techniques. As photonic integration, quantum-state engineering, and machine learning converge with advanced beam shaping technologies, sculpted light is poised to become a foundational strategy for next-generation optical sensing.
Knots and links play a fundamental role across a wide range of physical fields, from classical to quantum physics. In optics, structured light fields with multiple controllable degrees of freedom provide a versatile experimental platform for investigating ...
Knots and links play a fundamental role across a wide range of physical fields, from classical to quantum physics. In optics, structured light fields with multiple controllable degrees of freedom provide a versatile experimental platform for investigating topological properties. Knot theory underpins the topological control of high-dimensional structured light, thereby giving rise to fundamental physical effects and applications. Furthermore, topologically structured light has attracted significant attention for light-matter interaction. Here we review the recent advances in topologically structured light from the perspective of knot theory. Starting from the basics of knots and related braids, we introduce the generation and manipulation of topologically structured light from the purely spatial domain across to the spatiotemporal domain. Moreover, we demonstrate that the particle-like structured light, such as photonic skyrmions and hopfions, can host the topologies of high dimensional space, followed by brief discussions on potential applications as well as an outlook and future trends and challenges in this field.
Optical vortices, characterized by their central singularities and spiral phase wavefront, have gained widespread attention in light manipulation and diverse applications. With their topological order being extended from integer to fraction, more unique ...
Optical vortices, characterized by their central singularities and spiral phase wavefront, have gained widespread attention in light manipulation and diverse applications. With their topological order being extended from integer to fraction, more unique properties have sprung out, such as continuous topological charges, fractional spiral-phase, expanded orbital angular momentum spectrum, and slit openings. These features have facilitated applications in areas such as optical tweezers, direction-selective edge enhancement imaging, robust rotational Doppler metrology, free-space communication, displacement sensing, and high-dimensional quantum entanglement. In recent years, advances in metasurface-based optical control, spatiotemporal pulse shaping, holographic imaging, and deep learning have spurred rapid innovation in the modeling, generation, and measurement of fractional vortex beams. This review begins with the fundamental theory of fractional vortex beams and surveys the latest developments in this rapidly evolving field. The scope of research has also expanded beyond optical vortices to include acoustic vortices. The growing interest in fractional vortex beams, coupled with ongoing technological innovations, is expected to pave the way for further advancements in this promising area of research.
Topology, a cornerstone of modern condensed matter physics, has in the past decade played a crucial role in diverse wave systems. As a powerful wave system, light can be sculpted into an even richer variety of topological structures, including vortices, skyrmions, ...
Topology, a cornerstone of modern condensed matter physics, has in the past decade played a crucial role in diverse wave systems. As a powerful wave system, light can be sculpted into an even richer variety of topological structures, including vortices, skyrmions, Möbius strips, etc., leading to advanced photonic technologies from optical trapping to imaging, across quantum and classical regimes. A recent breakthrough demonstrated that topologically structured water waves can manipulate particles with intricate spin-orbital motion, and similar principles have enabled topological control in acoustofluidics, opening new insights in wave-matter interactions. Therefore, we argue that topological light waves possess an analogous potential, offering a route beyond the scalar-field limitations of conventional optical tweezers and establishing a new paradigm of multidimensional, vectorial control over matter. This article starts with brief introductions to optical tweezer technologies and topological light waves, then focuses on their emerging combination: particle trapping and sorting. It follows with perspectives on how topologies can couple to new degrees of freedom for manipulating complex particle motions previously inaccessible, and finally discusses potential applications.
The development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology is critically reliant on the effective modulation of the electromagnetic mechanism and chemical mechanism. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of the recent advancements ...
The development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology is critically reliant on the effective modulation of the electromagnetic mechanism and chemical mechanism. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of the recent advancements in the modulation of SERS by multi-physical fields (light field, magnetic field, and electric field) and their cooperative modulation. Light field modulation enhances the intensity and area of hotspots by optimizing the matching between the local surface plasmon resonance of nanostructures and the parameters of incident light (wavelength, polarization, and pulse). Moreover, the photo-induced plasmonic thermal effect dynamically regulates the phase transition between the nanogap and the material, achieving the synergistic enhancement of SERS. Magnetic field modulation capitalizes on the magnetic induction of magnetic materials and the magnetic resonance behavior of non-magnetic structures. It enables an external magnetic field to control the aggregation and spatial organization of nanoparticles, thereby generating high-density hotspots and enhancing the detection sensitivity and selectivity. Electric field modulation can adjust the band structure, carrier density, and molecular orientation of the substrate through an external electric field or the spontaneous electric field of functional materials (such as piezoelectric, triboelectric, thermoelectric, and pyroelectric materials), thus enhancing the charge transfer efficiency and the local electromagnetic field strength. The multi-field cooperative modulation strategy overcomes the static limitations of traditional SERS substrates and further provides a crucial theoretical and technical approach for realizing a high-performance, intelligent, and reconfigurable SERS sensing platform.
Twisted photonic lattices have recently emerged as a promising platform for opto-twistronics, enabling the exploration of moiré-induced photonic phenomena. Despite significant progress, the implications of non-Hermitian effects within these systems ...
Twisted photonic lattices have recently emerged as a promising platform for opto-twistronics, enabling the exploration of moiré-induced photonic phenomena. Despite significant progress, the implications of non-Hermitian effects within these systems remain largely unexplored. In this work, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a non-Hermitian twisted photonic lattice with dynamically tunable gain-loss modulation, realized in a four-level atomic medium through the twisted superposition of two stripe fields. By adjusting the frequency detuning, a local flat band is introduced into the photonic band structure, leading to the directional localization of light in momentum space. The degree of localization can be further controlled by varying the laser power, while the direction of localization is reconfigured in real time by tuning the twist angle. Our work uncovers an intriguing interplay between non-Hermitian band reconstruction and geometric twisting by means of reconfigurable photonic lattice, and it provides a versatile platform for studying light manipulation in twisted configurations.
Structured light fields are engineered through precise control of their amplitude, phase, polarization, and spatiotemporal properties, which are extensively studied for both scientific and applied purposes, and can offer novel pathways for information ...
Structured light fields are engineered through precise control of their amplitude, phase, polarization, and spatiotemporal properties, which are extensively studied for both scientific and applied purposes, and can offer novel pathways for information processing, quantum communication, and precision measurement. Although the linear manipulation of structured light is already very mature with the help of liquid crystal devices and planar optical elements, nonlinear manipulation remains nascent, despite demonstrating unique potential for critical functionalities such as optical field information exchange. Hence, critical challenges now lie in harnessing nonlinear interactions, between light fields themselves and between light and matter, to achieve on-demand multidimensional control of target optical fields, particularly for spatial modes of light. The advancing nonlinear optics theory, guided by structured light, reveals novel physical phenomena in various nonlinear interactions, and promotes the development of novel applications based on nonlinear light field control technologies. Accordingly, this review systematically summarizes recent advances across key areas, including the nonlinear manipulation of spatial structured light fields, optical information transfer, full-dimensional manipulation theory, field modulation and nonlinear topological frontiers, and three-dimensional (3D) light field manipulation theory, thereby providing a comprehensive perspective on the current state and the emerging trends in this rapidly evolving field.
Optical vortices, characterized by their central singularities and spiral phase wavefront, have gained widespread attention in light manipulation and diverse applications. With their topological order being extended from integer to fraction, more unique ...
Optical vortices, characterized by their central singularities and spiral phase wavefront, have gained widespread attention in light manipulation and diverse applications. With their topological order being extended from integer to fraction, more unique properties have sprung out, such as continuous topological charges, fractional spiral-phase, expanded orbital angular momentum spectrum, and slit openings. These features have facilitated applications in areas such as optical tweezers, direction-selective edge enhancement imaging, robust rotational Doppler metrology, free-space communication, displacement sensing, and high-dimensional quantum entanglement. In recent years, advances in metasurface-based optical control, spatiotemporal pulse shaping, holographic imaging, and deep learning have spurred rapid innovation in the modeling, generation, and measurement of fractional vortex beams. This review begins with the fundamental theory of fractional vortex beams and surveys the latest developments in this rapidly evolving field. The scope of research has also expanded beyond optical vortices to include acoustic vortices. The growing interest in fractional vortex beams, coupled with ongoing technological innovations, is expected to pave the way for further advancements in this promising area of research.
Topology, a cornerstone of modern condensed matter physics, has in the past decade played a crucial role in diverse wave systems. As a powerful wave system, light can be sculpted into an even richer variety of topological structures, including vortices, skyrmions, ...
Topology, a cornerstone of modern condensed matter physics, has in the past decade played a crucial role in diverse wave systems. As a powerful wave system, light can be sculpted into an even richer variety of topological structures, including vortices, skyrmions, Möbius strips, etc., leading to advanced photonic technologies from optical trapping to imaging, across quantum and classical regimes. A recent breakthrough demonstrated that topologically structured water waves can manipulate particles with intricate spin-orbital motion, and similar principles have enabled topological control in acoustofluidics, opening new insights in wave-matter interactions. Therefore, we argue that topological light waves possess an analogous potential, offering a route beyond the scalar-field limitations of conventional optical tweezers and establishing a new paradigm of multidimensional, vectorial control over matter. This article starts with brief introductions to optical tweezer technologies and topological light waves, then focuses on their emerging combination: particle trapping and sorting. It follows with perspectives on how topologies can couple to new degrees of freedom for manipulating complex particle motions previously inaccessible, and finally discusses potential applications.
Knots and links play a fundamental role across a wide range of physical fields, from classical to quantum physics. In optics, structured light fields with multiple controllable degrees of freedom provide a versatile experimental platform for investigating ...
Knots and links play a fundamental role across a wide range of physical fields, from classical to quantum physics. In optics, structured light fields with multiple controllable degrees of freedom provide a versatile experimental platform for investigating topological properties. Knot theory underpins the topological control of high-dimensional structured light, thereby giving rise to fundamental physical effects and applications. Furthermore, topologically structured light has attracted significant attention for light-matter interaction. Here we review the recent advances in topologically structured light from the perspective of knot theory. Starting from the basics of knots and related braids, we introduce the generation and manipulation of topologically structured light from the purely spatial domain across to the spatiotemporal domain. Moreover, we demonstrate that the particle-like structured light, such as photonic skyrmions and hopfions, can host the topologies of high dimensional space, followed by brief discussions on potential applications as well as an outlook and future trends and challenges in this field.
Structured light fields are engineered through precise control of their amplitude, phase, polarization, and spatiotemporal properties, which are extensively studied for both scientific and applied purposes, and can offer novel pathways for information ...
Structured light fields are engineered through precise control of their amplitude, phase, polarization, and spatiotemporal properties, which are extensively studied for both scientific and applied purposes, and can offer novel pathways for information processing, quantum communication, and precision measurement. Although the linear manipulation of structured light is already very mature with the help of liquid crystal devices and planar optical elements, nonlinear manipulation remains nascent, despite demonstrating unique potential for critical functionalities such as optical field information exchange. Hence, critical challenges now lie in harnessing nonlinear interactions, between light fields themselves and between light and matter, to achieve on-demand multidimensional control of target optical fields, particularly for spatial modes of light. The advancing nonlinear optics theory, guided by structured light, reveals novel physical phenomena in various nonlinear interactions, and promotes the development of novel applications based on nonlinear light field control technologies. Accordingly, this review systematically summarizes recent advances across key areas, including the nonlinear manipulation of spatial structured light fields, optical information transfer, full-dimensional manipulation theory, field modulation and nonlinear topological frontiers, and three-dimensional (3D) light field manipulation theory, thereby providing a comprehensive perspective on the current state and the emerging trends in this rapidly evolving field.
Twisted photonic lattices have recently emerged as a promising platform for opto-twistronics, enabling the exploration of moiré-induced photonic phenomena. Despite significant progress, the implications of non-Hermitian effects within these systems ...
Twisted photonic lattices have recently emerged as a promising platform for opto-twistronics, enabling the exploration of moiré-induced photonic phenomena. Despite significant progress, the implications of non-Hermitian effects within these systems remain largely unexplored. In this work, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a non-Hermitian twisted photonic lattice with dynamically tunable gain-loss modulation, realized in a four-level atomic medium through the twisted superposition of two stripe fields. By adjusting the frequency detuning, a local flat band is introduced into the photonic band structure, leading to the directional localization of light in momentum space. The degree of localization can be further controlled by varying the laser power, while the direction of localization is reconfigured in real time by tuning the twist angle. Our work uncovers an intriguing interplay between non-Hermitian band reconstruction and geometric twisting by means of reconfigurable photonic lattice, and it provides a versatile platform for studying light manipulation in twisted configurations.
