A large amount of medical equipment is now extensively utilized in healthcare institutions to assist clinical practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. And the applications of such advanced and sophisticated medical equipment have greatly improved the quality of patient care, significantly alleviated the sufferings of patients, and facilitated their rehabilitation. Nevertheless, failures and malfunctions of medical equipment have compromised its reliability and effectiveness as well as jeopardizing the safety of patients and clinical staffs. And a majority of the failures can be attributed to the insufficient and inappropriate maintenance. Therefore, it is imperative to implement effective maintenance management to ensure that medical equipment is in its optimal function, and thereby mitigating the clinical risk resulted by adverse events. The presented review mainly discussed the maintenance strategies of medical equipment including corrective maintenance, preventive maintenance and predictive maintenance. In order to replace the fixed-interval of preventive maintenance, we systematically discussed methods to adjust the maintenance period. Additionally, two strategies to predicting future failures of medical equipment through processing and analyzing the maintenance data obtained from the historical maintenance logs and condition data collected by the embedded sensors are elaborated. Besides, the classification and life cycle of medical equipment are also summarized.

As the primary skin-contact interface in wearable electrocardiograph (ECG) devices, epidermal electrodes play a pivotal role in determining both signal quality and biocompatibility. With continuous advancements in materials science and structural engineering, next-generation flexible and stretchable bioelectrodes have emerged, enabling long-term ECG monitoring and offering superior signal-to-noise ratios compared to conventional clinical electrodes. Their performance in ensuring reliable signal acquisition and user comfort is primarily governed by key interfacial mechanical and electrical properties, including mechanical compliance (i.e., flexibility and stretchability), interfacial adhesion (i.e., conformability and adhesion strength), and electrical characteristics (i.e., contact impedance). In recent years, significant progress has been made in enhancing the signal acquisition capabilities of flexible and stretchable bioelectrodes by optimizing these critical interfacial attributes. This review highlights the latest advances in conformable epidermal electrodes, encompassing traditional wet electrodes, flexible dry electrodes, novel dry electrodes based on organic electrochemical transistors, and integrated wearable systems. We systematically examine strategies for improving skin-electrode interface performance in ECG monitoring. Finally, we discuss ongoing challenges and future directions to advance epidermal electrode technologies for next-generation wearable healthcare applications.

Lipid nanoparticle-based messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery system have ushered in a new era of gene therapeutics. However, their clinical advances have been impeded by the inherent liver tropism of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which limits extrahepatic applications. Herein, we highlight two recent studies written in Nature Materials. Guided by surface interface molecular mechanics, Chang and his colleagues worked on the intelligent design of targeted peptides combined with lipids. Concurrently, Lin and his colleagues explored novel organ-specific peptide-lipid materials and analyzed important LNP traits that co-determined the in vitro/in vivo transfection discrepancy. The resulting peptide-modified lipids exhibit the capacity for targeted delivery to various organs and realize gene editing function. These studies jointly established a modular platform that provides a rational and predictable strategy for designing tissue-specific LNPs, thereby paving the way for next-generation mRNA-based therapeutics.

With the development of 3D printing technologies, cellulose has been explored to realize its sophisticated geometry fabrication in this field for a variety of applications. This review focuses specifically on the latest research progress of 3D printing cellulose by discussing the characteristics of cellulose materials, different 3D printing technologies, and their optimal performance for applications in various fields like biomedicine, food packaging, and tissue engineering. The challenges of preparing 3D printing “ink” of cellulose using dissolved cellulose or nanocellulose are introduced. Finally, the corresponding applications of cellulose using 3D printing are classified and the strategies to optimize production performance are provided.

Integration of inorganic fillers with polymer matrices opens up exciting possibilities for creating high-performance functional materials. Metal/metal oxides/silsesquioxanes as nanofillers are gaining attention for enhancing polymer matrices. Understanding the dispersion and interaction of these nanofillers is crucial for modifying properties in technological applications. Homogeneously dispersed fillers boost physiochemical and biological properties, like mechanical strength and biocompatibility. These functional materials are employed in tissue engineering and other healthcare applications, maintaining their characteristics even in challenging conditions. In the biomedical field, these fillers show promise in developing stimuli-responsive systems, drug delivery, gene vectors, and biological imaging.

A large amount of medical equipment is now extensively utilized in healthcare institutions to assist clinical practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. And the applications of such advanced and sophisticated medical equipment have greatly improved the quality of patient care, significantly alleviated the sufferings of patients, and facilitated their rehabilitation. Nevertheless, failures and malfunctions of medical equipment have compromised its reliability and effectiveness as well as jeopardizing the safety of patients and clinical staffs. And a majority of the failures can be attributed to the insufficient and inappropriate maintenance. Therefore, it is imperative to implement effective maintenance management to ensure that medical equipment is in its optimal function, and thereby mitigating the clinical risk resulted by adverse events. The presented review mainly discussed the maintenance strategies of medical equipment including corrective maintenance, preventive maintenance and predictive maintenance. In order to replace the fixed-interval of preventive maintenance, we systematically discussed methods to adjust the maintenance period. Additionally, two strategies to predicting future failures of medical equipment through processing and analyzing the maintenance data obtained from the historical maintenance logs and condition data collected by the embedded sensors are elaborated. Besides, the classification and life cycle of medical equipment are also summarized.

As the primary skin-contact interface in wearable electrocardiograph (ECG) devices, epidermal electrodes play a pivotal role in determining both signal quality and biocompatibility. With continuous advancements in materials science and structural engineering, next-generation flexible and stretchable bioelectrodes have emerged, enabling long-term ECG monitoring and offering superior signal-to-noise ratios compared to conventional clinical electrodes. Their performance in ensuring reliable signal acquisition and user comfort is primarily governed by key interfacial mechanical and electrical properties, including mechanical compliance (i.e., flexibility and stretchability), interfacial adhesion (i.e., conformability and adhesion strength), and electrical characteristics (i.e., contact impedance). In recent years, significant progress has been made in enhancing the signal acquisition capabilities of flexible and stretchable bioelectrodes by optimizing these critical interfacial attributes. This review highlights the latest advances in conformable epidermal electrodes, encompassing traditional wet electrodes, flexible dry electrodes, novel dry electrodes based on organic electrochemical transistors, and integrated wearable systems. We systematically examine strategies for improving skin-electrode interface performance in ECG monitoring. Finally, we discuss ongoing challenges and future directions to advance epidermal electrode technologies for next-generation wearable healthcare applications.

Antibody-targeted lipid nanoparticles (Ab-LNPs) represent a highly promising delivery platform for precision therapy, enabling efficient in vivo targeted delivery of nucleic acid drugs such as mRNA, DNA and siRNA. Currently, the two primary strategies for antibody functionalization of LNPs are the post-insertion method and direct surface conjugation. This review outlines the key chemistry, manufacturing, and controls challenges associated with scaling up of Ab-LNP production, with a focus on antibody modification strategies, process scale-up challenges, and quality control considerations. It aims to provide practical guidance for translating Ab-LNP technology from laboratory research to scalable manufacturing.

With the development of 3D printing technologies, cellulose has been explored to realize its sophisticated geometry fabrication in this field for a variety of applications. This review focuses specifically on the latest research progress of 3D printing cellulose by discussing the characteristics of cellulose materials, different 3D printing technologies, and their optimal performance for applications in various fields like biomedicine, food packaging, and tissue engineering. The challenges of preparing 3D printing “ink” of cellulose using dissolved cellulose or nanocellulose are introduced. Finally, the corresponding applications of cellulose using 3D printing are classified and the strategies to optimize production performance are provided.

This review examines recent advances and applications of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in orthopedic fracture management, with a particular focus on its transformative role in personalized treatment strategies. The introduction of patient-specific 3D-printed implants and fracture plates has markedly improved surgical outcomes by reducing operative time, enhancing anatomical alignment, and promoting bone healing. By enabling the fabrication of customized implants, 3D printing provides an innovative approach for managing complex fractures and bone defects, particularly in cases where conventional methods are inadequate. Key benefits discussed include the development of tailored fracture plates, bone scaffolds, and bioactive materials that support bone regeneration. The review also explores the potential of emerging technologies such as four-dimensional printing and bioprinting, which allow for the creation of dynamic implants capable of adapting to biological changes and facilitating tissue regeneration. In addition, the integration of artificial intelligence into preoperative planning and implant design is highlighted for its contribution to improving surgical precision and individualized treatment. This review consolidates the latest advancements while also addressing challenges, including high production costs and regulatory barriers, that must be overcome for widespread clinical adoption. In conclusion, the future of orthopedic fracture management is expected to be significantly reshaped by the continuous evolution of 3D printing technologies, offering more personalized, effective, and efficient solutions for patients. As these innovations progress, 3D printing is anticipated to play a pivotal role in advancing orthopedic surgery and ultimately improving patient outcomes.